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Rev. am. med. respir ; 16(2): 105-112, jun. 2016. graf, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-842975

ABSTRACT

El proceso de weaning incluye la liberación del paciente del soporte ventilatorio y del tubo orotraqueal y se clasifica en simple, dificultoso y prolongado, basado en la dificultad y la duración del mismo. El objetivo fue describir las características epidemiológicas de pacientes desvinculados exitosamente de la ventilación mecánica invasiva y establecer asociaciones entre los tipos de weaning y las variables que influyeron en la evolución de las mismas asociadas a la mortalidad. Realizamos un estudio de cohorte prospectivo, analítico, longitudinal y multicéntrico en tres unidades de terapia intensiva de la Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina. Fueron incluidos sujetos que requirieron ventilación mecánica invasiva mayor a 12hs. y desvinculados exitosamente. Las variables estudiadas fueron tipo de weaning, tiempo en ventilación mecánica invasiva, falla de extubación, estadía y mortalidad en terapia intensiva. La prevalencia del weaning simple, dificultoso y prolongado correspondió a un 52.2% (95/182), 25.8% (47/182) y 22% (40/182), respectivamente. Aumentó el promedio de días de ventilación mecánica invasiva a 3,5 cada vez que cambió la categoría (Coefciente B: 3.5; SE 0.6). Aquellos pacientes que fallaron la extubación presentaron mayor riesgo de realizar weaning prolongado ( OR = 23; IC95%: 3.55-149.45). No se halló asociación entre la mortalidad y el tipo de weaning (OR = 0.68; IC95%: 0.31-1.51). En conclusión, no se asoció el tipo de weaning con mortalidad en la terapia intensiva. La falla de extubación, la traqueostomia y la presencia de delirio se asociaron con mayores días de ventilación mecánica invasiva.


The weaning process includes the release from the ventilatory support and endotracheal tube. It is classified into simple, difficult and prolonged, according to its difficulty and duration. The purpose was to describe the epidemiological characteristics of patients successfully weaned from invasive mechanical ventilation and establish associations between the different types of weaning and the variables influencing the evolution of these characteristics associated with mortality. We conducted a multicenter, prospective, longitudinal, analytical cohort study in three intensive care units of the Autonomous City of Buenos Aires, Argentina. We included patients who required invasive mechanical ventilation for more than 12 hours and were successfully weaned from it. The variables to be analyzed were: type of weaning, amount of days the patients received invasive mechanical ventilation, extubation failure and length of stay and mortality in the intensive care unit. The prevalence of simple, difficult or prolonged weaning was 52.2% (95/182), 25.8% (47/182) and 22% (40/182), respectively. The average of days the patients received invasive mechanical ventilation increased to 3.5 every time the category changed (B Coefficient: 3.5; SE [standard error] = 0.6). Patients with extubation failure presented a higher risk of prolonged weaning (OR [odds ratio] = 23; CI [confidence interval] = 95%: 3.55-149.45). No association was found between mortality and type of weaning (OR = 0.68; 95% CI: 0.31-1.51). In conclusion, the type of weaning was not associated with mortality in the intensive care unit. The extubation failure, tracheostomy and presence of delirium were associated with a larger amount of days receiving invasive mechanical ventilation.


Subject(s)
Respiration, Artificial , Epidemiology , Mortality
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